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In old age, the costal cartilages are prone to superficial ossification, particularly in women with age of 50 years and over. [3] In costochondritis and Tietze syndrome, inflammation of the costal cartilage occurs. [4] This is a common cause of chest pain. [5] Severe trauma may lead to fracture of the costal cartilage. [6]
The sternocostal joints, also known as sternochondral joints or costosternal articulations, are synovial plane joints of the costal cartilages of the true ribs with the sternum. [1] The only exception is the first rib, which has a synchondrosis joint since the cartilage is directly united with the sternum. [1]
The costochondral joints are the joints between the ribs and costal cartilage in the front of the rib cage. They are hyaline cartilaginous joints (i.e. synchondrosis or primary cartilagenous joint). Each rib has a depression shaped like a cup that the costal cartilage articulates with. There is normally no movement at these joints.
Anatomy of the costal cartilage. Costochondritis typically presents unilaterally (one side), which is typically the left side. [4] It affects primarily the 2nd to 5th ribs at the sternocostal and costochondral joints. [1] The most commonly reported symptom of costochondritis is chest pain that is often exacerbated by movement and deep breathing.
The top of the sternum supports the clavicles (collarbones) and its edges join with the costal cartilages of the first two pairs of ribs. The inner surface of the sternum is also the attachment of the sternopericardial ligaments. [2] Its top is also connected to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The sternum consists of three main parts, listed ...
The sternoclavicular joint or sternoclavicular articulation is a synovial saddle joint between the manubrium of the sternum, and the clavicle, and the first costal cartilage. The joint possesses a joint capsule , and an articular disc , and is reinforced by multiple ligaments.
Some examples of secondary cartilaginous joints in human anatomy would be the manubriosternal joint (between the manubrium and the body of the sternum), intervertebral discs, and the pubic symphysis. Articulating bones at a symphysis are covered with hyaline cartilage and have a thick, fairly compressible pad of fibrocartilage between them.
The costoxiphoid ligaments (chondroxiphoid ligaments) are inconstant strand-like fibrous bands that connect the anterior and posterior surfaces of the seventh costal cartilage, and sometimes those of the sixth, to the front and back of the xiphoid process the sternum.