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Qin Shi Huang, founder of the Qin dynasty, created the title of Huangdi, which is translated as "emperor" in English.. The nobility of China represented the upper strata of aristocracy in premodern China, acting as the ruling class until c. 1000 CE, and remaining a significant feature of the traditional social structure until the end of the imperial period.
"Beizi" ("beise") is the plural form of "beile", but since 1636, "beile" and "beizi" were used to refer to two different ranks of nobility. The four ranks above were granted solely to direct male-line descendants of the Emperor. These titles below were granted to cadet lines of the imperial clan. Feng'en zhenguo gong (ᡴᡝᠰᡳ ᠪᡝ
Most titles of nobility were officially abolished when China became a republic in 1912, with the Republic maintaining some titles like Duke Yansheng. They were briefly expanded under Yuan Shikai's empire and after Zhang Xun's coup. The last emperor was allowed to keep his title but was treated as a foreign monarch until the 1924 coup.
The following is a list of empresses and queens consort of China. China has periodically been divided into kingdoms as well as united under empires, resulting in consorts titled both queen and empress. The empress title could also be given posthumously.
A 15th-century portrait of the Ming official Jiang Shunfu.The cranes on his mandarin square indicate that he was a civil official of the sixth rank. A Qing photograph of a government official with mandarin square embroidered in front A European view: a mandarin travelling by boat, Baptista van Doetechum, 1604 Nguyễn Văn Tường (chữ Hán: 阮文祥, 1824–1886) was a mandarin of the ...
During the Joseon period, royal titles and styles (forms of address) had been extensive and complex. The general title of the monarch was king (왕; 王; wang) until Gojong crowned himself emperor (황제; 皇帝; hwangje), a title that was only allowed for Chinese emperors. [1]
Ranks were expressed as class, rank, then grade; for example: Standard class, Rank 4, Upper grade (Chinese: 正四品上; pinyin: Zheng si pin shang). [8] Prestige titles were also awarded, normally based on seniority, to confer status among officials of the same rank. [8] From the Han to the Sui, local recruiters recommended official ...
The following table includes ducal titles granted to meritorious officials, including founders of the Qing dynasty, participants and coadjutors of Qing dynasty military campaigns and regents upon the underage emperors and also titles granted to families of the most famous people in the history of China (四氏). Revoked titles are not included.