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Example Ladder Logic Diagram. The schematic diagrams for relay logic circuits are often called line diagrams, because the inputs and outputs are essentially drawn in a series of lines. A relay logic circuit is an electrical network consisting of lines, or rungs, in which each line or rung must have continuity to enable the output device. A ...
Reliability block diagrams or fault trees are usually constructed at the same time. These diagrams are used to trace information flow at different levels of system hierarchy, identify critical paths and interfaces, and identify the higher level effects of lower level failures.
A relay allows circuits to be switched by electrical equipment: for example, a timer circuit with a relay could switch power at a preset time. For many years relays were the standard method of controlling industrial electronic systems. A number of relays could be used together to carry out complex functions (relay logic). The principle of relay ...
Ladder diagrams were once the only way to record programmable controller programs, but today, other forms are standardized in IEC 61131-3. For example, instead of the graphical ladder logic form, there is a language called Structured text, which is similar to C, within the IEC 61131-3 standard.
Today, microprocessor-based relays can perform many protective functions in one device. [1] When one device performs several protective functions, it is typically denoted "11" by the standard as a "Multifunction Device", but ANSI Device Numbers are still used in documentation like single-line diagrams or schematics to indicate which specific ...
Digital/numerical relays provide a front panel display, or display on a terminal through a communication interface. This is used to display relay settings and real-time current/voltage values, etc. More complex digital relays will have metering and communication protocol ports, allowing the relay to become an element in a SCADA system.
A circuit diagram (or: wiring diagram, electrical diagram, elementary diagram, electronic schematic) is a graphical representation of an electrical circuit. A pictorial circuit diagram uses simple images of components, while a schematic diagram shows the components and interconnections of the circuit using standardized symbolic representations.
Digital relays can also provide functions such as communications interface, monitoring of contact inputs, metering, waveform analysis, and other useful features. Digital relays can, for example, store multiple sets of protection parameters, [27] which allows the behavior of the relay to be changed during maintenance of attached equipment ...