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Miltefosine, sold under the trade name Impavido among others, is a medication mainly used to treat leishmaniasis and free-living amoeba infections such as Naegleria fowleri and Balamuthia mandrillaris. [4] This includes the three forms of leishmaniasis: cutaneous, visceral and mucosal. [5] It may be used with liposomal amphotericin B or ...
Paromomycin is an inexpensive (US$10) and effective treatment for leishmaniasis. The treatment is determined by where the disease is acquired, the species of Leishmania, and the type of infection. [2] For visceral leishmaniasis in India, South America, and the Mediterranean, liposomal amphotericin B is the recommended treatment and is often ...
Leishmania / l iː ʃ ˈ m eɪ n i ə,-ˈ m æ n-/ [1] is a parasitic protozoan, a single-celled organism of the genus Leishmania that is responsible for the disease leishmaniasis. [2] [3] [4] They are spread by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World, and of the genus Lutzomyia in the New World.
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is an especially disturbing form of cutaneous leishmaniasis, because it produces destructive and disfiguring lesions of the face. It is most often caused by Leishmania braziliensis, but cases caused by L. aethiopica have also been described. [10] Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is very difficult to treat.
It is an option for both visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. [1] Pentamidine can be given by injection into a vein or muscle or by inhalation. [1] Common side effects of the injectable form include low blood sugar, pain at the site of injection, nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, and kidney problems. [1]
It is estimated that visceral leishmaniasis (VL) affects more than 100 million people worldwide, [37] with 1.5 to 2 million new cases and more than 70,000 deaths each year. [38] As of the 2022 report, there were 50,000 to 90,000 infections worldwide in 2020, and the World Health Organization estimates that only between 25 and 45% of the cases ...
Leishmania braziliensis, like other species of Leishmania, rely on asexual reproduction in the intermediate mammalian host to greatly increase population density. Such reproduction is often witnessed in mononuclear phagocytes (dendritic cells, monocytes, neutrophils) of the mammalian host, with the macrophages being the target white blood cell of the parasite. [5]
[2] Leishmania mexicana can induce the cutaneous and diffuse cutaneous clinical manifestations in humans and certain other mammalian hosts. The cutaneous type develops an ulcer at the bite site, here the amastigotes do not spread and the ulcers become visible either a few days or several months after the initial bite.