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Alkaline water electrolysis is a type of electrolysis that is characterized by having two electrodes operating in a liquid alkaline electrolyte. Commonly, a solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 25-40 wt% is used. [ 6 ]
The PEM electrolyzer was introduced to overcome the issues of partial load, low current density, and low pressure operation currently plaguing the alkaline electrolyzer. [4] [1] It involves a proton-exchange membrane. Electrolysis of water is an important technology for the production of hydrogen to be used as an energy carrier. With fast ...
In electrochemistry, exchange current density is a parameter used in the Tafel equation, Butler–Volmer equation and other electrochemical kinetics expressions. The Tafel equation describes the dependence of current for an electrolytic process to overpotential.
COMSOL Multiphysics is a finite element analyzer, solver, and simulation software package for various physics and engineering applications, especially coupled phenomena and multiphysics. The software facilitates conventional physics-based user interfaces and coupled systems of partial differential equations ( PDEs ).
A capillary-fed electrolyzer cell is claimed to require only 41.5 kWh to produce 1 kg of hydrogen. The water electrolyte is isolated from the electrodes by a porous, hydrophilic separator. The water is drawn into the electrolyzer by capillary action, while the electrolyzed gases pass out on either side.
Ultrahigh-pressure electrolysis is high-pressure electrolysis operating at 340–690 bars (5,000–10,000 psi). [8] At ultra-high pressures the water solubility and cross-permeation across the membrane of H 2 and O 2 is affecting hydrogen purity, modified PEMs are used to reduce cross-permeation in combination with catalytic H 2 /O 2 recombiners to maintain H 2 levels in O 2 and O 2 levels in ...
COMSOL Multiphysics: COMSOL Multiphysics Finite Element Analysis Software (formerly FEMLAB) COMSOL Inc. 6.1: 2022-11-01: Proprietary EULA: Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, Web browser: CosmosWorks: Part of SolidWorks: Dassault Systèmes SolidWorks Corp. Proprietary commercial software: Windows: Quickfield: EM, Heat Transfer and Stress Analysis [10 ...
Using an alkaline solution, usually KOH/NaOH increases membrane conductivity and adds a hydroxide ion conductive pathway, which increases the utilisation of catalyst. The current density of an AEM electrolyser without a PGM catalyst operating at 1 A/cm 2 was reported to require 1.8 volts and 1.57 volts in pure water-fed and 1 M KOH-fed ...