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Andreev reflection, named after the Russian physicist Alexander F. Andreev, is a type of particle scattering which occurs at interfaces between a superconductor (S) and a normal state material (N). It is a charge-transfer process by which normal current in N is converted to supercurrent in S.
The table below shows some of the parameters of common superconductors. X:Y means material X doped with element Y, T C is the highest reported transition temperature in kelvins and H C is a critical magnetic field in tesla. "BCS" means whether or not the superconductivity is explained within the BCS theory.
Calculated magnetization curve for a superconducting slab, based on Bean's model. The superconducting slab is initially at H = 0. Increasing H to critical field H* causes the blue curve; dropping H back to 0 and reversing direction to increase it to -H* causes the green curve; dropping H back to 0 again and increase H to H* causes the orange curve.
These materials are type-II superconductors with substantial upper critical field H c2, and in contrast to, for example, the cuprate superconductors with even higher H c2, they can be easily machined into wires. Recently, however, 2nd generation superconducting tapes are allowing replacement of cheaper niobium-based wires with much more ...
Plot showing superconducting electron density versus depth in normal and superconducting layers with two coherence lengths, and .. Proximity effect or Holm–Meissner effect is a term used in the field of superconductivity to describe phenomena that occur when a superconductor (S) is placed in contact with a "normal" (N) non-superconductor.
Assume that superconductor A has Ginzburg–Landau order parameter =, and superconductor B =, which can be interpreted as the wave functions of Cooper pairs in the two superconductors. If the electric potential difference across the junction is V {\displaystyle V} , then the energy difference between the two superconductors is 2 e V ...
Vortices in a 200-nm-thick YBCO film imaged by scanning SQUID microscopy [1]. In superconductivity, a fluxon (also called an Abrikosov vortex or quantum vortex) is a vortex of supercurrent in a type-II superconductor, used by Soviet physicist Alexei Abrikosov to explain magnetic behavior of type-II superconductors. [2]
Magnetic field lines, represented as arrows, are excluded from a superconductor when it is below its critical temperature. In condensed-matter physics , the Meissner effect (or Meißner–Ochsenfeld effect ) is the expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor during its transition to the superconducting state when it is cooled below the ...