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  2. Epenthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epenthesis

    A limited number of words in Japanese use epenthetic consonants to separate vowels. An example is the word harusame (春雨(はるさめ), 'spring rain'), a compound of haru and ame in which an /s/ is added to separate the final /u/ of haru and the initial /a/ of ame. That is a synchronic analysis.

  3. Letter frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_frequency

    The California Job Case was a compartmentalized box for printing in the 19th century, sizes corresponding to the commonality of letters. The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and frequency analysis in particular, dating back to the Arab mathematician al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873 ), who formally developed the method (the ciphers breakable by this technique go ...

  4. Phonological history of English - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of...

    For example, PG *wrōgijanan > early OE * wrøːʝijan > OE ƿrēġan (/wreːjan/). Following this, PG */j/ occurred only word-initially and after /r/ (which was the only consonant that was not geminated by /j/ and hence retained a short syllable). H-loss: Proto-Germanic /x/ is lost between vowels, and between /l, r/ and a vowel. [12]

  5. Metathesis (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metathesis_(linguistics)

    For example, "matches" [kəbrit] is sometimes pronounced as [kərbit], [mogzit] "nanny" is sometimes pronounced as [mozgit]. The word "Monday" is [säɲo], which is the base for "Tuesday" [maksäɲo], which is often metathesized as [maskäɲo]. All of these examples show a pair of consonants reversed so that the stop begins the next syllable.

  6. Sound change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_change

    In historical linguistics, a sound change is a change in the pronunciation of a language. A sound change can involve the replacement of one speech sound (or, more generally, one phonetic feature value) by a different one (called phonetic change) or a more general change to the speech sounds that exist (phonological change), such as the merger of two sounds or the creation of a new sound.

  7. Fact - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact

    The word fact derives from the Latin factum. It was first used in English with the same meaning: "a thing done or performed" – a meaning now obsolete outside the law. [3] The common usage of "something that has really occurred or is the case" dates from the mid-16th century. [3]

  8. Affix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affix

    In linguistics, an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form. The main two categories are derivational and inflectional affixes. . Derivational affixes, such as un-, -ation, anti-, pre-etc., introduce a semantic change to the word they are atta

  9. Post hoc ergo propter hoc - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_hoc_ergo_propter_hoc

    The form of the post hoc fallacy is expressed as follows: . A occurred, then B occurred.; Therefore, A caused B. When B is undesirable, this pattern is often combined with the formal fallacy of denying the antecedent, assuming the logical inverse holds: believing that avoiding A will prevent B.