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Windows 3.0 actually had several modes: "real mode", "standard mode" and "386-enhanced mode"; the latter required some of the virtualization features of the 80386 processor, and thus would not run on an 80286. Windows 3.1 removed support for real mode, and it was the first mainstream operating environment which required at least an 80286 processor.
In addition to the CPU drivers offered by AMD, several motherboard manufacturers have released software to give the end user more control over the Cool 'n' Quiet feature, as well as the other new features of AMD processors and chipsets. Using these applications, one can even control the CPU voltage explicitly. PhenomMsrTweaker (SourceForge link)
The processor executes the SMM code in a separate address space (SMRAM) that has to be made inaccessible to other operating modes of the CPU by the firmware. [7] System Management Mode can address up to 4 GB memory as huge real mode. In x86-64 processors, SMM can address >4 GB memory as real address mode. [8]
In computing, protected mode, also called protected virtual address mode, [1] is an operational mode of x86-compatible central processing units (CPUs). It allows system software to use features such as segmentation, virtual memory, paging and safe multi-tasking designed to increase an operating system's control over application software.
Zalman Tech Co. (usually simplified as ZALMAN) is a South Korean software engineering company manufacturing aftermarket desktop computer products focusing on cooling enhancement. Zalman has done product development since its founding in January 1999 and now holds several patents primarily on both cooling and fan noise reduction.
Arctic GmbH, formerly known as Arctic Cooling, [1] is a German, Swiss-founded manufacturer of computer cooling components, mainly CPU and graphics card coolers, [2] case fans and thermal compound. Since 2010, Arctic expanded its business by starting a range of products to cater other consumer demands beyond that of computer cooling hardware.
Advanced power management (APM) is a technical standard for power management developed by Intel and Microsoft and released in 1992 [1] which enables an operating system running an IBM-compatible personal computer to work with the BIOS (part of the computer's firmware) to achieve power management.
INT is an x86 instruction that triggers a software interrupt, and 13 hex is the interrupt number (as a hexadecimal value) being called. Modern computers come with both BIOS INT 13h and UEFI functionality that provides the same services and more, with the exception of UEFI Class 3 that completely removes CSM thus lacks INT 13h and other interrupts.