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Arlie Russell Hochschild (/ ˈ h oʊ k ʃ ɪ l d /; born January 15, 1940) is an American professor emeritus of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley [1] and writer. Hochschild has long focused on the human emotions that underlie moral beliefs, practices, and social life generally.
Emotion work is a sociological concept that refers the effort of trying to change in degree or quality an emotion or feeling; it's the work of changing your feelings or displaying feelings that you don't feel. [1] Emotion work includes suppressing strong emotions that you feel, and evoking or producing feelings that you do not feel.
The sociologist Arlie Hochschild provided the first definition of emotional labor, which is displaying certain emotions to meet the requirements of a job. [1] The related term emotion work refers to displaying emotions you don't feel within the private sphere of one's home or interactions with family and friends .
Hochschild draws on the work of sociologist Erving Goffman as well as labor scholar Harry Braverman to discuss the dramaturgical demands and emotional labor entailed by jobs in the service sector, in which workers must "perform" certain roles that entail abiding by certain feeling rules (e.g. "friendly and dependable"). She notes that women are ...
The book is an expansion on theoretical concepts that Hochschild first described in 1979. [2] Using Goffman's dramaturgical theory, she describes how different social situations have different emotional norms. When a person's feelings do not fit the norms of the situation, people engage in practices to bring them into agreement through a ...
Karl Marx's theory focused more on the self-estrangement aspect in man's work. He further explained it by saying that self-estrangement is the alienation of man from himself and his feelings, man's loss of purpose, the objectification of himself to think that he is not good enough and the realization of that. [ 2 ]
The core of the book is Hochschild's attempt to distill the worldview of Tea Party supporters, who formed part of the same constituency that heavily backed Donald Trump in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. According to Hochschild, Tea Party supporters have reacted against the changing face of America in the last few decades.
The Sociology of emotions applies a sociological lens to the topic of emotions.The discipline of Sociology, which falls within the social sciences, is focused on understanding both the mind and society, studying the dynamics of the self, interaction, social structure, and culture. [1]