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Risk is the lack of certainty about the outcome of making a particular choice. Statistically, the level of downside risk can be calculated as the product of the probability that harm occurs (e.g., that an accident happens) multiplied by the severity of that harm (i.e., the average amount of harm or more conservatively the maximum credible amount of harm).
Absolute risk (or AR) is the probability or chance of an event.It is usually used for the number of events (such as a disease) that occurred in a group, divided by the number of people in that group.
Pivot table, in spreadsheet software, cross-tabulates sampling data with counts (contingency table) and/or sums. TPL Tables is a tool for generating and printing crosstabs. The iterative proportional fitting procedure essentially manipulates contingency tables to match altered joint distributions or marginal sums.
The risk premium is used extensively in finance in areas such as asset pricing, portfolio allocation and risk management. [2] Two fundamental aspects of finance, being equity and debt instruments, require the use and interpretation of associated risk premiums with the inputs for each explained below:
A rainbow table is a precomputed table for caching the outputs of a cryptographic hash function, usually for cracking password hashes.Passwords are typically stored not in plain text form, but as hash values.