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  2. Incomplete contracts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incomplete_contracts

    Only if both contract parties have the legal capacity to sign a contract, contracts are only enforceable. Some contracts are classified by common law as illegal and unenforceable: ——Criminal or tortious contracts [39] ——Contracts to promote corruption in public office [40] ——Contracts intended to avoid paying taxes [41]

  3. Contract Clause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_Clause

    The kind of contract modification performed by the law in question was arguably similar to the kind that the Framers intended to prohibit, but the Supreme Court held that this law was a valid exercise of the state's police power, and that the temporary nature of the contract modification and the emergency of the situation justified the law. [21]

  4. Liquidated damages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidated_damages

    Contracts in the NEC3 family use the term 'low service damages' (optional clause X.17) and generally include a Low Service Damages Schedule. [10] Contracts under common law require there to have been some attempt to create an equal or reasonably proportionate quota between the damages made and the actual loss.

  5. Impairment (financial reporting) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impairment_(financial...

    Calculating the impairment cost is the same as under the Incurred Loss Model. For example, assume a company has an investment in Company A bonds with a carrying amount of $37,500. If their market value falls to $33,000, an impairment loss of $4,500 is indicated and the impairment cost calculated as follows:

  6. Contract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract

    Where a contract or term is voidable, the party entitled to avoid may either conditionally or unconditionally choose to affirm the contract or term as outlined in Article 3.2.9 of the Principles which states that "if the party entitled to avoid the contract expressly or impliedly confirms the contract after the period of time for giving notice ...

  7. Contractual terms in English law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contractual_terms_in...

    whether terms are implied into the contract; what controls are placed on unfair terms; The terms of a contract are the essence of a contract, and tell the reader what the contract will do. For instance, the price of a good, the time of its promised delivery and the description of the good will all be terms of the contract.

  8. Expectation damages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectation_damages

    Neal signs a contract agreeing to buy 10 hours of landscaping services from John's Landscaping for $50 an hour. If Neal breaks the contract and doesn't use any of John's Landscaping's services, expectation damages paid to John's Landscaping would be $500 minus any costs John's Landscaping may have saved, which is the economic loss they suffered.

  9. Impracticability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impracticability

    There must be an occurrence of a condition, the nonoccurrence of which was a basic assumption of the contract, The occurrence must make performance extremely expensive or difficult This difficulty was not anticipated by the parties to the contract (note: some jurisdictions require that there be no measure within the contract itself to allocate ...