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As another example, φ(1) = 1 since for n = 1 the only integer in the range from 1 to n is 1 itself, and gcd(1, 1) = 1. Euler's totient function is a multiplicative function , meaning that if two numbers m and n are relatively prime, then φ ( mn ) = φ ( m ) φ ( n ) .
Over the next 1.1 billion years, solar luminosity will increase by 10%, and over the next 3.5 billion years by 40%. [78] Earth's increasing surface temperature will accelerate the inorganic carbon cycle , possibly reducing CO 2 concentration to levels lethally low for current plants ( 10 ppm for C4 photosynthesis ) in approximately 100–900 ...
Robert Smalls (April 5, 1839 – February 23, 1915) was an American politician who was born into slavery in Beaufort, South Carolina.During the American Civil War, the still enslaved Smalls commandeered a Confederate transport ship in Charleston Harbor and sailed it from the Confederate-controlled waters of the harbor to the U.S. blockade that surrounded it.
Most water in Earth's atmosphere and crust comes from saline seawater, while fresh water accounts for nearly 1% of the total. The vast bulk of the water on Earth is saline or salt water, with an average salinity of 35‰ (or 3.5%, roughly equivalent to 34 grams of salts in 1 kg of seawater), though this varies slightly according to the amount of runoff received from surrounding land.
The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) is a global nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization [1] headquartered in Washington, DC, United States that publishes peer-reviewed studies on nutrition and food safety.
Hispanic/Latino 13.1%; Other - less than or equal to 5% ; Two or more races 6.8% ... Chairman Robert A. Dobbin and the remainder of the county school board were ...
For example, there are six divisors of 4; they are 1, 2, 4, −1, −2, and −4, but only the positive ones (1, 2, and 4) would usually be mentioned. 1 and −1 divide (are divisors of) every integer. Every integer (and its negation) is a divisor of itself. Integers divisible by 2 are called even, and integers not divisible by 2 are called odd.
Under this method, an item with a usable life of n = 4 years would lose 4 / 10 of its "losable" value in the first year, 3 / 10 in the second, 2 / 10 in the third, and 1 / 10 in the fourth, accumulating a total depreciation of 10 / 10 (the whole) of the losable value.