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Estrogens are the major sex hormones in women, and are responsible for the development and maintenance of feminine secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts, wide hips, and a feminine pattern of fat distribution. [ 4 ] Estrogens act by binding to and activating the estrogen receptor (ER), their biological target in the body. [ 14 ]
Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), also called hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or transgender hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy in which sex hormones and other hormonal medications are administered to transgender or gender nonconforming individuals for the purpose of more closely aligning their secondary sexual characteristics with their gender identity.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is primarily concerned with alleviating gender dysphoria in transgender people. [17] Hormone therapy targets the secondary sex characteristics. Trans women typically use feminizing therapy, the goal of which is to develop female characteristics while suppressing male characteristics.
When nonbinary people use hormone therapy, it's typically to masculinize or feminize their bodies in subtle ways to create a more androgynous appearance that is neither male nor female presenting.
A dosage of two to six 100 μg/day transdermal estradiol patches can achieve mean levels of estradiol in the area of 200 to 400 pg/mL and can be used as a form of high-dose estrogen therapy, for instance to suppress testosterone levels in the treatment of prostate cancer in men and in feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women.
Fenway Health. United States. 100–200 pg/mL. <55 ng/dL. [4] Callen-Lorde. United States. "Some guidelines recommend checking estradiol and testosterone levels at baseline and throughout the monitoring of estrogen therapy. We have not found a clinical use for routine hormone levels that justifies the expense.
Cortisol is the body's main stress hormone, according to WebMD. It serves many functions, including regulating blood pressure and blood sugar, controlling your sleep cycle, keeping inflammation ...
Side effects. One of the most common side effects of spironolactone is frequent urination. Other general side effects include dehydration, hyponatremia (low sodium levels), mild hypotension (low blood pressure), [85] ataxia (muscle incoordination), drowsiness, dizziness, [85] dry skin, and rashes.
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