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Politics. The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually law-making, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinguishable and articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each. [1]
Liberal democracy emphasizes the separation of powers, an independent judiciary, and a system of checks and balances between branches of government. Multi-party systems with at least two persistent, viable political parties are characteristic of liberal democracies.
Finance. In financial transactions, a warrant is a written order by one person that instructs or authorises another person to pay a specified recipient a specific amount of money or supply goods at a specific date. [1] A warrant may or may not be negotiable and may be a bearer instrument that authorises payment to the warrant holder on demand ...
The power of the purse is the ability of one group to control the actions of another group by withholding funding, or putting stipulations on the use of funds. The power of the purse can be used positively (e.g. awarding extra funding to programs that reach certain benchmarks) or negatively (e.g. removing funding for a department or program, effectively eliminating it).
The government budget balance, also referred to as the general government balance, [1] public budget balance, or public fiscal balance, is the difference between government revenues and spending. For a government that uses accrual accounting (rather than cash accounting) the budget balance is calculated using only spending on current operations ...
Judicial review is a process under which a government's executive, legislative, or administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary. [1] : 79 In a judicial review, a court may invalidate laws, acts, or governmental actions that are incompatible with a higher authority. For example, an executive decision may be invalidated for being ...
The current account is an important indicator of an economy's speed. It is defined as the sum of the balance of trade (goods and services exports minus imports ), net income from abroad, and net current transfers. A positive current account balance indicates the nation is a net lender to the rest of the world, while a negative current account ...
The Bank of Canada ( BoC; French: Banque du Canada) is a Crown corporation and Canada 's central bank. [4] Chartered in 1934 under the Bank of Canada Act, it is responsible for formulating Canada's monetary policy, [5] and for the promotion of a safe and sound financial system within Canada. [6] The Bank of Canada is the sole issuing authority ...