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Two-stage servo valves may use flapper, jet pipe, or deflector jet valves as hydraulic amplifier first stages to position a second-stage spool valve. This design results in significant increases in servo valve flow capability, stability, and force output. Similarly, three-stage servo valves may use an intermediate stage spool valve to position ...
The systems evolved, replacing the mechanical linkages to the valves with electrical controls, producing the "fly-by-wire" design, [3] and more recently, optical networking systems called "fly-by-light". All these systems require three separate components, the hydraulic supply system, the valves and associated control network, and the actuators.
The actuators convert hydraulic pressure into control surface movements. The electro-hydraulic servo valves control the movement of the actuators. The pilot's movement of a control causes the mechanical circuit to open the matching servo valve in the hydraulic circuit. The hydraulic circuit powers the actuators which then move the control surfaces.
Camless valve trains have long been investigated by several companies, including Renault, BMW, Fiat, Valeo, General Motors, Ricardo, Lotus Engineering who developed electro-hydraulic valve actuation in the late 1980s as a spinoff of their active suspension program (both utilised similar electro-hydraulic actuation and control), Ford, Jiangsu Gongda Power Technologies, and Koenigsegg's sister ...
Globe control valve with pneumatic actuator and "positioner". This is a servo which ensures the valve opens to the desired position regardless of friction. A common type of servo provides position control. Commonly, servos are electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic.
Automated manual transmissions can be semi-automatic or fully-automatic in operation. Several different systems to automate the clutch and/or shifting have been used over the years, but they will generally use one of the following methods of actuation for the clutch and/or shifting: hydraulic or electro-hydraulic actuation, [12] electro-mechanical, [13] pneumatic, [6] [14] [15] electromagnetic ...
The Airbus A320 family was the first airliner to feature a full glass cockpit and digital fly-by-wire flight control system. The only analogue instruments were the radio magnetic indicator, brake pressure indicator, standby altimeter and artificial horizon, the latter two being replaced by a digital integrated standby instrument system in later production models.
English: Sectional diagram of a single stage servo-valve with linear motor and Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT). Is=Current to solenoid, P A T B are gates, sig=signal. initial position Is=Current to solenoid, P A T B are gates, sig=signal. initial position