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In scholarly texts, a petroglyph is a rock engraving, whereas a petrograph (or pictograph) is a rock painting. [1] [2] In common usage, the words are sometimes used interchangeably. [3] [4] Both types of image belong to the wider and more general category of rock art or parietal art.
A pictogram (also pictogramme, pictograph, or simply picto [1]) is a graphical symbol that conveys meaning through its visual resemblance to a physical object. Pictograms are used in systems of writing and visual communication.
As such, rock art is a form of landscape art, and includes designs that have been placed on boulder and cliff faces, cave walls, and ceilings, and on the ground surface. [17] Rock art is a global phenomenon, being found in many different regions of the world. [1] There are various forms of rock art.
The most elaborate pictographs in the U.S are considered to be the rock art of the Chumash people, found in cave paintings in present-day Santa Barbara, Ventura, and San Luis Obispo Counties. The Chumash cave painting includes examples at Chumash Painted Cave State Historic Park and Burro Flats Painted Cave.
Big and Little Petroglyph Canyons; Black Mountain Rock Art District; Chalfant Petroglyph Site; Chumash Indian Museum; Coso Rock Art District; Hemet Maze Stone; Meadow Lake Petroglyphs; Painted Rock (San Luis Obispo County, California) Petroglyph Point Archeological Site; Ring Mountain (California) Yellow Jacket Petroglyphs
Kachina images appeared in murals in kivas, pictographs and petroglyphs of Puebloan people by AD 1300. The Kachina religion was foundational for modern Zuni and Hopi people. [32] [33] Zuni and Hopi Kachina dolls are representations of spiritual beings. Hand carved kachina dolls are given to the young girls as gifts given by the Kachina dancers ...
Rock art may have been created by shamans during vision quests, most commonly in the form of pictographs (paintings on rock), but sometimes petroglyphs (engravings on rock) as well. No one is absolutely certain about the meaning of the Chumash Rock art, but scholars generally agree that it is connected with religion and astronomy.
The oldest known figurative art from Sub-Saharan Africa are seven stone plaquettes painted with figures of animals found at the Apollo 11 Cave complex in Namibia, and dated to between 27,500 and 22,500 years ago. [41] [42] There is a substantial amount of rock art attributable to the Bushmen (San) found throughout Southern Africa. Much of this ...