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A pulp mill in Rauma, Finland Woodchips for paper production. A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fiber sources into a thick fiber board which can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing. Pulp can be manufactured using mechanical, semi-chemical, or fully chemical methods (kraft and sulfite ...
The kraft process (also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process) is a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp, which consists of almost pure cellulose fibres, the main component of paper. The kraft process involves treatment of wood chips with a hot mixture of water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium sulfide (Na 2 S), known as white ...
Simply putting it, wood pulp is a large amount of individual wood fibres with the lignin removed. Wood pulp is naturally between dark brown to light grey in colour. Dark brown wood pulp is used for paper bags and boxes, and bleaching the pulp produces higher grades of paper (among other products). [9]
The Winchester bushel is the volume of a cylinder 18.5 in (470 mm) in diameter and 8 in (200 mm) high, which gives an irrational number, of approximately 2150.4202 cubic inches. [4] The modern American or US bushel is rounded to exactly 2150.42 cubic inches, a difference of less than one part per ten million. [5]
In 2009, NBSK pulp sold for $650/ton in the United States. The price had dropped due to falling demand when newspapers reduced their size, in part, as a result of the recession. [42] By 2024 this price had recovered to $1315/ton. [43]
Wood is relatively light in weight, because its specific weight is less than 500 kg/m 3, this is an advantage, when compared against 2,000–2,500 kg/m 3 for reinforced concrete or 7,800 kg/m 3 for steel. [citation needed] Wood is strong, because the efficiency of wood for structural purposes has qualities that are similar to steel. [citation ...
The range of prices is typically between US$18 to US$30 per (wet)-ton delivered. [43] In 2006, prices were US$15 and US$30 per wet-ton in the northeast. [44] In the 20 years leading up to 2008, prices have fluctuated between US$60–70/oven-dry metric ton (odmt) in the southern states, and between US$60/odmt and US$160/odmt in the Northwest. [45]
Pulp mills have used black liquor as an energy source since at least the 1930s. [8] Most kraft pulp mills use recovery boilers to recover and burn much of the black liquor they produce, generating steam and recovering the cooking chemicals (sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide used to separate lignin from the cellulose fibres needed for ...