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Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a newborn baby. [1] Most have no symptoms. [1] Some affected babies are small. [1] Other signs and symptoms include a rash, jaundice, hepatomegaly, retinitis, and seizures. [1] [2] It may lead to loss of hearing or vision, developmental disability, or a small head. [1]
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Diseases associated with HHV-5 include mononucleosis and pneumonia, [4] [5] and congenital CMV in infants can lead to deafness and ambulatory problems. [6] In the medical literature, most mentions of CMV without further specification refer implicitly to human CMV. Human CMV is the most studied of all cytomegaloviruses. [7]
Fomivirsen (brand name Vitravene) is an antisense antiviral drug that was used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV) in immunocompromised patients, including those with AIDS. It was administered via intraocular injection. [1]
Bacteria found in the maternal gastrointestinal or gastrourinary tracts can commonly lead to neonatal infection. Bacterial infections may present as fetal distress at birth (including signs of tachycardia, temperature instability or difficulty breathing), neonatal sepsis, or neonatal meningitis.
Letermovir (INN; brand name Prevymis) is an antiviral drug for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. It has been tested in CMV infected patients with allogeneic stem cell transplants and may also be useful for other patients with a compromised immune system such as those with organ transplants or HIV infections. [3]
Treatment may include supportive care, anti-viral medication, transfusion, or chemotherapy depending on the underlying cause. It is not common. [2] The term was coined in the 1960s to describe the skin changes in babies with congenital rubella. [2] Since then, it has been realised that blueberry muffin marks occur in several conditions. [2]
Maribavir, sold under the brand name Livtencity, is an antiviral medication that is used to treat post-transplant cytomegalovirus (CMV). [8] [9] Maribavir is a cytomegalovirus pUL97 kinase inhibitor that works by preventing the activity of human cytomegalovirus enzyme pUL97, thus blocking virus replication.