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A Laconian black-figured cup by Rider Painter featuring a member of the hippeus. Hippeis ( Ancient Greek : ἱππεῖς , singular ἱππεύς, hippeus ) is a Greek term for cavalry . In ancient Athenian society, after the political reforms of Solon , the hippeus was the second highest of the four social classes.
A company of citizens : what the world's first democracy teaches leaders about creating great organizations. Boston. Meier C. 1998, Athens: a portrait of the city in its Golden Age (translated by R. and R. Kimber). New York; Ober, Josiah (1989). Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens: Rhetoric, Ideology and the Power of the People. Princeton.
Aristotle fled Athens in 323 BC, [2] and the university continued to function after his lifetime under a series of leaders until the Roman general Sulla destroyed it during his assault on Athens in 86 BC. [3] The remains of the Lyceum were discovered in modern Athens in 1996 in a park behind the Hellenic Parliament. [4]
The people were sovereign; there was no sovereignty outside of the people themselves. [2] In Athens, citizens were both ruler and ruled. Further, important political and judicial offices were rotated to widen participation and prevent corruption, and all citizens had the right to speak and vote in the political assembly. Pocock explained:
The 17th century lasted from January 1, 1601 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCI), to December 31, 1700 (MDCC).. It falls into the early modern period of Europe and in that continent (whose impact on the world was increasing) was characterized by the Baroque cultural movement, the latter part of the Spanish Golden Age, the Dutch Golden Age, [1] the French Grand Siècle dominated by Louis ...
Most societies were granted permission to oversee their own publications, control the election of new members and the administration of the society. [42] In the 18th century, a tremendous number of official academies and societies were founded in Europe, and by 1789 there were over 70 official scientific societies.
The Late Middle Ages were marked by large population declines, as Europe was threatened by the bubonic plague, as well as invasions by the Mongol peoples from the Eurasian Steppe. At the end of the Middle Ages, there was a transitional period, known as the Renaissance. Early Modern Europe is usually dated to the end of the 15th century.
A typical meeting of the Assembly probably contained around 6,000 people, out of a total citizen population of 30,000–60,000. It would have been difficult, however, for non-wealthy people outside the urban center of Athens to attend until reimbursements for attendance were introduced in the 390s.