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The reduction of nitro compounds are chemical reactions of wide interest in organic chemistry. The conversion can be effected by many reagents. The nitro group was one of the first functional groups to be reduced. Alkyl and aryl nitro compounds behave differently. Most useful is the reduction of aryl nitro compounds.
The Béchamp reduction (or Béchamp process) is a chemical reaction that converts aromatic nitro compounds to their corresponding anilines using iron as the reductant: [1] 4 C 6 H 5 NO 2 + 9 Fe + 4 H 2 O → 4 C 6 H 5 NH 2 + 3 Fe 3 O 4. This reaction was once a major route to aniline, but catalytic hydrogenation is the preferred method. [2]
Nitro compounds participate in several organic reactions, the most important being reduction of nitro compounds to the corresponding amines: RNO 2 + 3 H 2 → RNH 2 + 2 H 2 O. Virtually all aromatic amines (e.g. aniline) are derived from nitroaromatics through such catalytic hydrogenation.
Nitroso compounds can be prepared by the reduction of nitro compounds [1] or by the oxidation of hydroxylamines. [2] Ortho-nitrosophenols may be produced by the Baudisch reaction. In the Fischer–Hepp rearrangement, aromatic 4-nitrosoanilines are prepared from the corresponding nitrosamines.
In organic chemistry, carbonyl reduction is the conversion of any carbonyl group, usually to an alcohol. It is a common transformation that is practiced in many ways. [1] Ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, and acid halides - some of the most pervasive functional groups, -comprise carbonyl compounds.
The procedure involves first preparing a platinum nitrate which is then heated to expel nitrogen oxides. [3] H 2 PtCl 6 + 6 NaNO 3 → Pt(NO 3) 4 + 6 NaCl (aq) + 2 HNO 3 Pt(NO 3) 4 → PtO 2 + 4 NO 2 + O 2. The resulting brown cake is washed with water to free it from nitrates. The catalyst can either be used as is or dried and stored in a ...
The figure below illustrates one of the commonly accepted models for stereoselection without any modification to the Henry reaction. In this model, stereoselectivity is governed by the size of the R groups in the model (such as a carbon chain), as well as by a transition state that minimizes dipole by orienting the nitro group and carbonyl oxygen anti each other (on opposite sides of the ...
Palladium on carbon is used for catalytic hydrogenations in organic synthesis. Examples include reductive amination, [2] carbonyl reduction, nitro compound reduction, [3] [4] the reduction of imines and Schiff bases [1] and debenzylation reactions.