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The human virome is a part of human bodies and will not always cause harm. [23] Many latent and asymptomatic viruses are present in the human body all the time. Viruses infect all life forms; therefore the bacterial, plant, and animal cells and material in the gut also carry viruses. [6]
Virions of some of the most common human viruses with their relative size. Nucleic acids are not to scale. SARS stands for SARS-CoV-1 or COVID-19, variola viruses for smallpox. Basic structural characteristics, such as genome type, virion shape and replication site, generally share the same features among virus species within the same family.
Examples of common human diseases caused by viruses include the common cold, influenza, chickenpox, and cold sores. Many serious diseases such as rabies, Ebola virus disease, AIDS (HIV), avian influenza, and SARS are caused by viruses. The relative ability of viruses to cause disease is described in terms of virulence.
Gamma phage, an example of virus particles (visualised by electron microscopy) Virology is the scientific study of biological viruses.It is a subfield of microbiology that focuses on their detection, structure, classification and evolution, their methods of infection and exploitation of host cells for reproduction, their interaction with host organism physiology and immunity, the diseases they ...
This category includes any viruses that can infect humans. Pages in this category should be moved to subcategories where applicable. This category may require frequent maintenance to avoid becoming too large.
The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), [ 1 ] [ 2 ] a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. [ 3 ]
Some viruses cause disease in humans, and others are responsible for economically important diseases of livestock and crops. Virus particles (known as virions) consist of genetic material , which can be either DNA or RNA , wrapped in a protein coat called the capsid ; some viruses also have an outer lipid envelope .
The human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, is transmitted by bodily fluids transferred during sex. Others, such as the dengue virus, are spread by blood-sucking insects. Viruses, especially those made of RNA, can mutate rapidly to give rise to new types. Hosts may have little protection against such new forms.