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A well-known example of a contrasting mindset is fixed versus growth. A mindset refers to an established set of attitudes of a person or group concerning culture, values, philosophy, frame of reference, outlook, or disposition. [1] [2] It may also arise from a person's worldview or beliefs about the meaning of life. [3]
Stanford News Service press release: Fixed versus growth intelligence mindsets: It's all in your head, Dweck says Archived 2010-03-31 at the Wayback Machine; Lisa Trei, "New study yields instructive results on how mindset affects learning", Stanford Report, Feb. 7, 2007; Carol Dweck's TED Talk on the Growth Mindset, TEDxNorrkoping, Nov. 2014
Students followed throughout their middle school careers showed that those who possessed growth mindset tendencies made better grades and had a more positive view on the role of effort than students who possessed fixed mindset tendencies with similar abilities, two years following the initial survey. [10]
Wood has been a vocal critic of the concept of Growth Mindset, a psychological theory asserting that students learn best when they perceive intelligence as an outgrowth of hard work, resilience, and effort. In contrast, a fixed mindset sees intelligence as a fixed trait (i.e., smart vs. not smart).
Financial products that typically come with fixed interest rates include: Traditional certificates of deposit. Fixed-rate mortgages. Home equity loans. Personal loans. Auto loans. Small business loans
Zero-sum thinking perceives situations as zero-sum games, where one person's gain would be another's loss. [1] [2] [3] The term is derived from game theory.However, unlike the game theory concept, zero-sum thinking refers to a psychological construct—a person's subjective interpretation of a situation.
Theory X is a "we versus they" approach, meaning it is the management versus the employees. [6] The soft approach is characterized by leniency and less strict rules in hopes for creating high workplace morale and cooperative employees. [7] Implementing a system that is too soft could result in an entitled, low-output workforce. [7]
The concepts of fluid intelligence (g f) and crystallized intelligence (g c) were introduced in 1943 by the psychologist Raymond Cattell. [1] [2] [3] According to Cattell's psychometrically-based theory, general intelligence (g) is subdivided into g f and g c.