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Different kinds of camera lenses, including wide angle, telephoto and speciality. A camera lens, photographic lens or photographic objective is an optical lens or assembly of lenses (compound lens) used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically.
Diagram of Petzval's 1841 portrait lens - crown glass shaded pink, flint glass shaded blue. The lenses of the very earliest cameras were simple meniscus or simple bi convex lenses. It was not until 1840 that Chevalier in France introduced the achromatic lens formed by cementing a crown glass bi-convex lens to a flint glass plano-concave lens.
A diagram of imaging with a single thick lens imaging. H 1 and H 2 are principal points where principal planes of the thick lens cross the optical axis. If the object and image spaces are the same medium, then these points are also nodal points. A camera lens forms a real image of a distant object.
For example, a 28 mm lens on the DSLR (given a crop factor of 1.5) would produce the angle of view of a 42 mm lens on a full-frame camera. So, to determine the focal length of a lens for a digital camera that will give the equivalent angle of view as one on a full-frame camera, the full-frame lens focal length must be divided by the crop factor.
Tessar lenses are frequently found in mid-range cameras, as they can provide a very good optical performance at a reasonable price, and are often quite compact. They are also frequently used in photographic enlargers , as they provide more contrast than many competing lens designs due to the limited number of air-to-glass surfaces.
As an example, one modern lens (Canon EF 400 mm f /4 DO IS) achieves a telephoto ratio of 0.58 in part due to a front (converging) lens group which incorporates diffractive optics. Diagram of a typical telephoto lens with a large positive lens and a smaller negative telephoto group combined to create a much longer focal length - f.
This list covers optical lens designs grouped by tasks or overall type. The field of optical lens designing has many variables including the function the lens or group of lenses have to perform, the limits of optical glass because of the index of refraction and dispersion properties, and design constraints including realistic lens element center and edge thicknesses, minimum and maximum air ...
The M42 lens mount is a screw thread mounting standard for attaching lenses to 35 mm cameras, primarily single-lens reflex models. It is more accurately known as the M42 × 1 mm standard, which means that it is a metric screw thread of 42 mm diameter and 1 mm thread pitch.
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