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In software engineering, containerization is operating-system–level virtualization or application-level virtualization over multiple network resources so that software applications can run in isolated user spaces called containers in any cloud or non-cloud environment, regardless of type or vendor. [1]
The main classes of Docker objects are images, containers, and services. [22] A Docker container is a standardized, encapsulated environment that runs applications. [25] A container is managed using the Docker API or CLI. [22] A Docker image is a read-only template used to build containers. Images are used to store and ship applications. [22]
The OCI organization includes the development of runc, which is the reference implementation of the runtime-spec, [7] [8] a container runtime that implements their specification and serves as a basis for other higher-level tools. runc was first released in July 2015 as version 0.0.1 [9] and it reached version 1.0.0 on June 22, 2021.
OS-level virtualization is an operating system (OS) virtualization paradigm in which the kernel allows the existence of multiple isolated user space instances, including containers (LXC, Solaris Containers, AIX WPARs, HP-UX SRP Containers, Docker, Podman), zones (Solaris Containers), virtual private servers (), partitions, virtual environments (VEs), virtual kernels (DragonFly BSD), and jails ...
A virtualized network function, or VNF, is implemented within one or more virtual machines or containers running different software and processes, on top of commercial off the shelf (COTS) high-volume servers, switches and storage devices, or even cloud computing infrastructure, instead of having custom hardware appliances for each network ...
Containers emerged as a way to make software portable. The container contains all the packages needed to run a service. The provided file system makes containers extremely portable and easy to use in development. A container can be moved from development to test or production with no or relatively few configuration changes.
MQTT is an ISO standard (ISO/IEC PRF 20922) [1] publish–subscribe-based messaging protocol.It works on top of the Internet protocol suite TCP/IP. It is designed for connections with remote locations where a "small code footprint" is required or the network bandwidth is limited.
The latter had been a separate software package in earlier history. By 2007 the term Solaris Containers came to mean a Solaris Zone combined with resource management controls. Later, there was a gradual move such that Solaris Containers specifically referred to non-global zones, with or without additional Resource Management.