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Multivariable calculus is used in many fields of natural and social science and engineering to model and study high-dimensional systems that exhibit deterministic behavior. In economics , for example, consumer choice over a variety of goods, and producer choice over various inputs to use and outputs to produce, are modeled with multivariate ...
Vector calculus or vector analysis is a branch of mathematics concerned with the differentiation and integration of vector fields, primarily in three-dimensional Euclidean space, . [1] The term vector calculus is sometimes used as a synonym for the broader subject of multivariable calculus, which spans vector calculus as well as partial differentiation and multiple integration.
In mathematics, matrix calculus is a specialized notation for doing multivariable calculus, especially over spaces of matrices.It collects the various partial derivatives of a single function with respect to many variables, and/or of a multivariate function with respect to a single variable, into vectors and matrices that can be treated as single entities.
Multivariate (sometimes multivariable) calculus is the field of mathematics in which the results of differential and integral calculus are extended to contexts requiring the use of functions of several variables.
The calculus of variations began with the work of Isaac Newton, such as with Newton's minimal resistance problem, which he formulated and solved in 1685, and later published in his Principia in 1687, [2] which was the first problem in the field to be formulated and correctly solved, [2] and was also one of the most difficult problems tackled by variational methods prior to the twentieth century.
One of the most powerful generalizations in this direction is the generalized Stokes theorem (sometimes known as the fundamental theorem of multivariable calculus): [13] Let M be an oriented piecewise smooth manifold of dimension n and let be a smooth compactly supported (n − 1)-form on M.
This is a list of multivariable calculus topics. See also multivariable calculus, vector calculus, list of real analysis topics, list of calculus topics. Closed and exact differential forms; Contact (mathematics) Contour integral; Contour line; Critical point (mathematics) Curl (mathematics) Current (mathematics) Curvature; Curvilinear ...
Calculus on Manifolds is a brief monograph on the theory of vector-valued functions of several real variables (f : R n →R m) and differentiable manifolds in Euclidean space. . In addition to extending the concepts of differentiation (including the inverse and implicit function theorems) and Riemann integration (including Fubini's theorem) to functions of several variables, the book treats ...
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