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Other early mechanical devices used to perform one or another type of calculations include the planisphere and other mechanical computing devices invented by Al-Biruni (c. AD 1000); the equatorium and universal latitude-independent astrolabe by Al-Zarqali (c. AD 1015); the astronomical analog computers of other medieval Muslim astronomers and ...
Benjamin felt that a more elegant input device was needed and invented a ball tracker [69] [70] system called the roller ball [69] for this purpose in 1946. [69] [70] The device was patented in 1947, [69] but only a prototype was ever built [70] and the device was kept as a secret outside military. [70] 1947 September United Kingdom
The history of computing hardware starting at 1960 is marked by the conversion from vacuum tube to solid-state devices such as transistors and then integrated circuit (IC) chips. Around 1953 to 1959, discrete transistors started being considered sufficiently reliable and economical that they made further vacuum tube computers uncompetitive .
German scientist Otto von Guericke invented a device that creates static electricity. This is the first ever electric generator. 1705: English scientist Francis Hauksbee made a glass ball that glowed when spun and rubbed with the hand 1720
Early computing devices were more complicated than the ancient abacus date to the seventeenth century. French mathematician Blaise Pascal designed a gear-based device that could add and subtract, selling around 50 models. The stepped reckoner was invented by Gottfried Leibniz by 1676, which could also divide
Invented the concept of a hardware abstraction layer called the BIOS, with both conceptually laying the foundation to all DOS-based operating systems on personal computers. Worked on diskette track buffering schemes, read-ahead algorithms, virtual disk drives, and file system caching.
Mechanical computers reached their zenith during World War II, when they formed the basis of complex bombsights including the Norden, as well as the similar devices for ship computations such as the US Torpedo Data Computer or British Admiralty Fire Control Table. Noteworthy are mechanical flight instruments for early spacecraft, which provided ...
Konstantin Konstantinov (1817/1819–1871), Russia – device for measuring flight speed of projectiles, ballistic rocket pendulum, launch pad, rocket-making machine Sergei Korolev (1907–1966), USSR – first successful intercontinental ballistic missile ( R-7 Semyorka ), R-7 rocket family , Sputniks (including the first Earth-orbiting ...