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Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced respectively to primary and secondary alcohols. In deoxygenation, the alcohol group can be further reduced and removed altogether by replacement with H. Two broad strategies exist for carbonyl reduction. One method, which is favored in industry, uses hydrogen as the reductant.
The overall combined transformation of an aldehyde to an alkyne by this method is named after its developers, American chemists Elias James Corey and Philip L. Fuchs. The Corey–Fuchs reaction By suitable choice of base, it is often possible to stop the reaction at the 1-bromoalkyne, a useful functional group for further transformation.
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. [1] [2] In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step.
Deoxygenation is a chemical reaction involving the removal of oxygen atoms from a molecule. The term also refers to the removal of molecular oxygen (O 2 ) from gases and solvents, a step in air-free technique and gas purifiers .
The Dakin oxidation. The Dakin oxidation (or Dakin reaction) is an organic redox reaction in which an ortho- or para-hydroxylated phenyl aldehyde (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or ketone reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) in base to form a benzenediol and a carboxylate.
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In the second reaction, an α-amino acid, or an ester of it, is reduced by sodium amalgam and ethanolic HCl to give an α-amino aldehyde. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This process is conceptually similar to the Bouveault–Blanc reduction [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] except that it stops at the aldehyde stage rather than reducing the ester all the way to two alcohols .
The Mozingo reduction, also known as Mozingo reaction or thioketal reduction, is a chemical reaction capable of fully reducing a ketone or aldehyde to the corresponding alkane via a dithioacetal. [1] [2] The reaction scheme is as follows: [3]