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If the culture is determined to be oxidase-positive, alternative tests must be carried out to correctly identify the bacterial species. API-20E is specific for differentiating between members of the Gram-negative bacteria family Enterobacteriaceae. [6] [7] Another API system, API-Staph, is specific for Gram-positive bacteria, including ...
Individuals who have the bacterium in their bodies but no signs of disease are known as asymptomatic carriers. [39] [40] [41] The bacteria may start to cause disease when the host's immune system weakens, such as during a viral respiratory infection, which may lead to S. pyogenes superinfection. [40] [41]
Rhodococcus is a genus of aerobic, nonsporulating, nonmotile Gram-positive bacteria closely related to Mycobacterium and Corynebacterium. [2] [3] While a few species are pathogenic, most are benign, and have been found to thrive in a broad range of environments, including soil, water, and eukaryotic cells.
The Proteus penneri group of bacteria was named in 1982. It reclassified a group of strains formerly known as Proteus vulgaris biogroup 1. [6] In 1978, Brenner et al. showed through DNA hybridization studies that P. vulgaris was a heterogenous species. [7]
The cultured organism can be further characterized using catalase and oxidase tests, both of which should be positive. Further serological testing is necessary to distinguish the capsular polysaccharide and differentiate between H. influenzae b and nonencapsulated strains. [citation needed]
It is a commensal bacteria unless it multiplies to overwhelming numbers, at which point it will cause disease. Specifically, A. equuli is known to cause neonatal sepsis in foals, known as Sleepy Foal Disease. Less commonly, A. equuli will cause disease in adult horses, resulting in respiratory infections. [3]
Koch's postulates are used to establish causal relationships between microbial pathogens and diseases. Whereas meningitis can be caused by a variety of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens, cholera is only caused by some strains of Vibrio cholerae. Additionally, some pathogens may only cause disease in hosts with an immunodeficiency.
False color scanning electron micrograph of Actinomyces israelii. Actinomyces israelii is a species of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria within the genus Actinomyces.Known to live commensally on and within humans, A. israelii is an opportunistic pathogen and a cause of actinomycosis.