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Child neglect, often overlooked, is the most common form of child maltreatment. [1] Most perpetrators of child abuse and neglect are the parents themselves. A total of 79.4% of the perpetrators of abused and neglected children are the parents of the victims, and of those 79.4% parents, 61% exclusively neglect their children. [2]
There is a large variety of what is considered child abuse or neglect. Different types of child abuse include sexual, physical, and psychological. [5] Physical abuse refers to contact made to hurt a child by punching, beating, or anything along the lines of physical contact that results in pain.
The Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act Amendments of 1990 (Public Law 101-645) added a new Title III, Certain Preventive Services Regarding Children of Homeless Families or Families at Risk of Homelessness to the Child Abuse and Neglect and Treatment Act.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), estimates of the rates of child maltreatment vary widely by country, depending on how child maltreatment is defined, the type of maltreatment studied, the scope and quality of data gathered, and the scope and quality of surveys that ask for self-reports from victims, parents, and caregivers.
Under Article 19 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, a 'child protection system' provides for the protection of children in and out of the home.One of the ways this can be enabled is through the provision of quality education, the fourth of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, in addition to other child protection systems.
[22] [23] This grand challenge includes a concerted effort to better integrate the scholarship and practice that links child maltreatment prevention and services with those addressing intimate partner violence. These sub-fields have developed with different methodological and conceptual approaches.
Child Maltreatment aims to report current and at-issue scientific information and technical innovations in a form immediately useful to practitioners and researchers from fields such as mental health, child protection, medicine and law. The multidisciplinary journal provides a forum for the discussion on dissemination of research and findings.
Early childhood intervention came about as a natural progression from special education for children with disabilities (Guralnick, 1997). Many early childhood intervention support services began as research units in universities (for example, Syracuse University in the United States and Macquarie University in Australia) while others were developed out of organizations helping older children.