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Woltman's sign (also called Woltman's sign of hypothyroidism or, in older references, myxedema reflex [1]) is a delayed relaxation phase of an elicited deep tendon reflex, usually tested in the Achilles tendon of the patient. Woltman's sign is named for Henry Woltman, an American neurologist. [2]
Shock of birth is the transient depression of muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes that occurs in newborns after birth. In 70% of newborns, it lasts less than 24 hours, and in 84.3% less than 48 hours. Its presence is not affected by whether birth happened through vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery. [1] The term was introduced in 1960. [2]
The term "deep tendon reflex", if it refers to the muscle stretch reflex, is a misnomer. "Tendons have little to do with the response, other than being responsible for mechanically transmitting the sudden stretch from the reflex hammer to the muscle spindle.
The DSM-5, though—the “bible” of psychiatric conditions—lists PPD, for example, as depression with “peripartum onset,” meaning in pregnancy or the first four weeks postpartum.
The first reflexes to reappear are polysynaptic in nature, such as the bulbocavernosus reflex. Monosynaptic reflexes, such as the deep tendon reflexes, are not restored until Phase 3. Restoration of reflexes is not rostral to caudal as previously (and commonly) believed, but instead proceeds from polysynaptic to monosynaptic.
This results in decreased deep tendon reflexes (hyporeflexia), and skeletal muscle weakness. [6] Other symptoms include cardiac arrhythmias (especially in those taking digoxin), fatigue, nausea, vomiting (emesis), loss of appetite, abdominal pain, & paralytic ileus.
Sharing her story. Nikki Bella has been feeling “super depressed” raising her 2-month-old son, Matteo, while fiancé Artem Chigvintsev shoots Dancing With the Stars. Celebrity Moms Candidly ...
Postpartum depression (PPD), also called perinatal depression, is a mood disorder which may be experienced by pregnant or postpartum individuals. [3] Symptoms include extreme sadness, low energy, anxiety, crying episodes, irritability, and changes in sleeping or eating patterns. [1] PPD can also negatively affect the newborn child. [4] [2]