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  2. pH indicator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_indicator

    In and of themselves, pH indicators are usually weak acids or weak bases. The general reaction scheme of acidic pH indicators in aqueous solutions can be formulated as: HInd (aq) + H 2 O (l) ⇌ H 3 O + (aq) + Ind − (aq) where, "HInd" is the acidic form and "Ind −" is the conjugate base of the indicator. Vice versa for basic pH indicators ...

  3. pH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH

    Primary pH standard values are determined using a concentration cell with transference by measuring the potential difference between a hydrogen electrode and a standard electrode such as the silver chloride electrode. The pH of aqueous solutions can be measured with a glass electrode and a pH meter or a color-changing indicator.

  4. Phenolphthalein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolphthalein

    Phenolphthalein's common use is as an indicator in acid-base titrations. It also serves as a component of universal indicator, together with methyl red, bromothymol blue, and thymol blue. [3] Phenolphthalein adopts different forms in aqueous solution depending on the pH of the solution.

  5. Bromothymol blue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromothymol_blue

    Bromothymol blue (also known as bromothymol sulfone phthalein and BTB) is a pH indicator. It is mostly used in applications that require measuring substances that would have a relatively neutral pH (near 7). A common use is for measuring the presence of carbonic acid in a liquid. It is typically sold in solid form as the sodium salt of the acid ...

  6. o-Cresolphthalein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O-Cresolphthalein

    o-Cresolphthalein is a phthalein dye used as a pH indicator in titrations. It is insoluble in water but soluble in ethanol. Its solution is colourless below pH 8.2, and purple above 9.8. Its molecular formula is C 22 H 18 O 4. It is used medically to determine calcium levels in the human body, or to synthesize polyamides or polyimides.

  7. Methyl yellow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_yellow

    It is used as a dye for plastics and may be used as a pH indicator. ... In aqueous solution at low pH, methyl yellow appears red. Between pH 2.9 and 4.0, methyl ...

  8. Category:pH indicators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:PH_indicators

    This category contains articles about pH indicators: chemical compounds which change colour or fluorescence in response to changes in pH

  9. Bicarbonate indicator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate_indicator

    A hydrogencarbonate indicator (hydrogencarbonate indicator) is a type of pH indicator that is sensitive enough to show a color change as the concentration of carbon dioxide gas in an aqueous solution increases. The indicator is used in photosynthesis and respiration experiments to find out whether carbon dioxide is being liberated. [1] It is ...

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