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Lee's army, thinned by desertion and casualties, was now much smaller than Grant's. One last Confederate attempt to break the Union hold on Petersburg failed at the decisive Battle of Five Forks on April 1. The Union now controlled the entire perimeter surrounding Richmond–Petersburg, completely cutting it off from the Confederacy.
The main prewar agricultural products of the Confederate States were cotton, tobacco, and sugarcane, with hogs, cattle, grain and vegetable plots. Pre-war agricultural production estimated for the Southern states is as follows (Union states in parentheses for comparison): 1.7 million horses (3.4 million), 800,000 mules (100,000), 2.7 million dairy cows (5 million), 5 million sheep (14 million ...
Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America, also known as "the Confederacy." Led by Jefferson Davis , the Confederacy fought against the United States (the Union ), which was supported by all the free states (where slavery had been abolished) and by five slave states ...
The Confederacy arrested pro-Union civilians in the South at about the same rate as the Union arrested pro-Confederate civilians in the North. [209] Neely argues: The Confederate citizen was not any freer than the Union citizen – and perhaps no less likely to be arrested by military authorities.
The Union economy grew and prospered during the war while fielding a very large Union Army and Union Navy. [1] The Republican Party in Washington, D.C. had a Whiggish vision of an industrialized country , with great cities, efficient factories, productive farms, all national banks, all knit together by a modern railroad system, to be mobilized ...
To their north they bordered free states of the Union, and all but Delaware bordered slave states of the Confederacy to their south. Of the 34 U.S. states in 1861, nineteen were free states and fifteen were slave including the four border states; each of the latter held a comparatively low percentage of slaves. [1] Delaware never declared for ...
In the context of the Civil War, "Union" is also often used as a synonym for "the northern states loyal to the United States government". [1] In this meaning, the Union included 20 free states (in the north and west) and four southern border slave states, Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, though Missouri and Kentucky both had dual ...
At that point, the former territories would enter the union as states, with rights equal to that of any other state. [52] The federal territory stretched across most of the area west of Pennsylvania and north of the Ohio River, though Connecticut retained a small part of its claim in the West in the form of the Connecticut Western Reserve , a ...