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Las castas.Casta painting showing 16 racial groupings. Anonymous, 18th century, oil on canvas, 148×104 cm, Museo Nacional del Virreinato, Tepotzotlán, Mexico Casta (Spanish:) is a term which means "lineage" in Spanish and Portuguese and has historically been used as a racial and social identifier.
Unlike many casta paintings that show scenes of imagined everyday life of the racial types, O'Crouley's lack any further context. [ 11 ] He wrote short descriptions of New Spain's principal cities, the capital Mexico City, the second largest city Puebla ; Valladolid (now Morelia ); Oaxaca; Guadalajara; Durango; Acapulco; and Veracruz.
Casta painting showing 16 hierarchically arranged, mixed-race groupings, with indios mecos set outside of the orderly set of "civilized" society. Ignacio Maria Barreda, 1777. Real Academia Española de la Lengua, Madrid. Luis de Mena, Virgin of Guadalupe and castas, 1750. Another single-canvas casta painting with similarities to Barreda's.
Monument to the Mestizaje in Mexico City, showing Hernan Cortes, La Malinche and their son, Martín Cortes, one of the first mestizos in Mexico.. When the term mestizo and the caste system were introduced to Mexico is unknown, but the earliest surviving records categorizing people by "qualities" (as castes were known in early colonial Mexico) are late-18th-century church birth and marriage ...
Casta painting by Miguel Cabrera, Español e India, Mestizo. 1763.. Miguel Mateo Maldonado y Cabrera (1695–1768) was a Mestizo [1] painter born in Oaxaca but moved to Mexico City, the capital of Viceroyalty of New Spain. [2]
New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain (Spanish: Virreinato de Nueva España [birejˈnato ðe ˈnweβa esˈpaɲa] ⓘ; Nahuatl: Yankwik Kaxtillan Birreiyotl), [4] originally the Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain.
It was founded in 1582 by Spanish and Portuguese settlers when Philip II, King of Spain and its colonies, encouraged the colonization of Northern New Spain, and authorized the creation of a 'realm' which would have the name of Nuevo Reyno de León (New Kingdom of León), after the former Kingdom of León in Spain.
There are a number of published chronicles on colonial Nueva Galicia. A 1621 account by Domingo Lázaro de Arregui, Descripción de la Nueva Galicia gives considerable information about the indigenous peoples of the area. [4] [5] In the late 18th century, as part of the Bourbon Reforms, an Intendancy was established in Guadalajara.