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  2. Ideal observer theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_observer_theory

    The main idea [of the ideal observer theory] is that ethical terms should be defined after the pattern of the following example: "x is better than y " means "If anyone were, in respect of x and y, fully informed and vividly imaginative, impartial, in a calm frame of mind and otherwise normal, he would prefer x to y." [1]

  3. Glossary of philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_philosophy

    Also called humanocentrism. The practice, conscious or otherwise, of regarding the existence and concerns of human beings as the central fact of the universe. This is similar, but not identical, to the practice of relating all that happens in the universe to the human experience. To clarify, the first position concludes that the fact of human existence is the point of universal existence; the ...

  4. Agnostic theism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnostic_theism

    Agnostic theism is the philosophical view that encompasses both theism and agnosticism. An agnostic theist believes in the existence of one or more gods, but regards the basis of this proposition as unknown or inherently unknowable. The agnostic theist may also or alternatively be agnostic regarding the properties of the god or gods that they ...

  5. Agnosticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosticism

    Agnosticism is the view or belief that the existence of God, the divine, or the supernatural is either unknowable in principle or unknown in fact. [1] [2] [3] It can also mean an apathy towards such religious belief and refer to personal limitations rather than a worldview.

  6. Agnostic atheism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnostic_atheism

    Agnostic atheism — or atheistic agnosticism — is a philosophical position that encompasses both atheism and agnosticism.Agnostic atheists are atheistic because they do not hold a belief in the existence of any deity, and they are agnostic because they claim that the existence of a divine entity or entities is either unknowable in principle or currently unknown in fact.

  7. Secular Buddhism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secular_Buddhism

    Secular Buddhism—sometimes also referred to as agnostic Buddhism, Buddhist agnosticism, ignostic Buddhism, atheistic Buddhism, pragmatic Buddhism, Buddhist atheism, or Buddhist secularism—is a broad term for a form of Buddhism based on humanist, skeptical, and agnostic values, valuing pragmatism and (often) naturalism, eschewing beliefs in the supernatural or paranormal.

  8. Philosophical views of Bertrand Russell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_views_of...

    Russell explained his philosophy of logical atomism in a set of lectures, "The Philosophy of Logical Atomism", which he gave in 1918. [17] In these lectures, Russell sets forth his concept of an ideal, isomorphic language, one that would mirror the world, whereby our knowledge can be reduced to terms of atomic propositions and their truth ...

  9. Negative and positive atheism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_and_positive_atheism

    Negative atheism, also called weak atheism and soft atheism, is any type of atheism where a person does not believe in the existence of any deities but does not necessarily explicitly assert that there are none. Positive atheism, also called strong atheism and hard atheism, is the form of atheism that additionally asserts that no deities exist ...