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According to Zimmer, yoga is part of a non-Vedic system which includes the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy, Jainism and Buddhism: [78] "[Jainism] does not derive from Brahman-Aryan sources, but reflects the cosmology and anthropology of a much older pre-Aryan upper class of northeastern India [Bihar] – being rooted in the same subsoil of ...
Yoga philosophy is one of the six major important schools of Hindu philosophy, [1] [2] though it is only at the end of the first millennium CE that Yoga is mentioned as a separate school of thought in Indian texts, distinct from Samkhya. [3] [4] [web 1] Ancient, medieval and most modern literature often refers to Yoga-philosophy simply as Yoga.
Some of the Hindu yoga elements were adopted by Sufi sect of Muslims in India. [25] [26] The Sufi Muslims at times adopted and protected the Yoga tradition of Hindus during the Islamic rule of India, and at other times helped the persecution and violence against those Hindus. [27] The Mughal Emperor Akbar, known for his syncretic tolerance, was ...
The above sub-schools introduced their own ideas while adopting concepts from orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy such as realism of the Nyāya, naturalism of Vaiśeṣika, monism and knowledge of Self (Atman) as essential to liberation of Advaita, self-discipline of Yoga, asceticism and elements of theistic ideas. [7]
A "fourth yoga" is sometimes added, Raja Yoga or "the Path of Meditation". This is the classical Yoga presented in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali . Patanjali's system came to be known as Raja Yoga (Royal Yoga) retro-actively, in about the 15th century, as the term Yoga had become popular for the general concept of a "religious path".
He is the founder of the style of yoga as exercise, known as "Iyengar Yoga", and was considered one of the foremost yoga gurus in the world. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] He was the author of many books on yoga practice and philosophy including Light on Yoga , Light on Pranayama , Light on the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali , and Light on Life .
The scholar of religion Andrea Jain writes in her book Selling Yoga that "advocates of the Hindu origins position" [9] assert that practitioners of postural yoga have not observed what they consider to be the Hindu roots of yoga, and therefore "denounce what they consider yoga marketers' illegitimate cooptation and commodification of yoga."
The Story of Yoga: From Ancient India to the Modern West [S 1] is a cultural history of yoga by Alistair Shearer, published by Hurst in 2020. It narrates how an ancient spiritual practice in India became a global method of exercise, often with no spiritual content, by way of diverse movements including Indian nationalism, the Theosophical Society, Swami Vivekananda's coming to the west, self ...