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Schofield, Philip. "Jeremy Bentham and the Spanish Constitution of 1812." Happiness and Utility: Essays Presented to Frederick Rosen (2019): 40. Sobrevilla Perea, Natalia. "The Rise of Constitutional Government in the Iberian Atlantic World. The impact of the 1812 Cadiz Constitution of 1812." (2015). Zimmerman, A.F. "Spain and Its Colonies ...
However, the Spanish Constitution of 1812 denied people of African ancestry political rights and representation. [4] Its first regulation includes one of the first examples of a seasonally adjusted schedule, a practice which led to the adoption of daylight savings time a century later. [18] [19]
A new Cortes was summoned and met at Cádiz, which included Spanish American and Philippine delegates, and promulgated the Spanish Constitution of 1812. This constitution is generally recognized as Spain's first written constitution since it was drafted freely by delegates of the Spanish Empire.
Spain in the 19th century was a country in turmoil. Occupied by Napoleon from 1808 to 1814, a massively destructive "liberation war" ensued.Following the Spanish Constitution of 1812, Spain was divided between the 1812 constitution's liberal principles and the absolutism personified by the rule of Ferdinand VII, who repealed the 1812 Constitution for the first time in 1814, only to be forced ...
The agency's authority was further strengthened and expanded by Republic Act No. 8551, otherwise known as 'Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998'. [10] [8] Republic Act 8551 also amended Republic Act 6975, carving NAPOLCOM out of the DILG organization and making it simply an attached agency. The attachment of NAPOLCOM ...
The Civil Guard in the Philippines (Spanish: Guardia Civil en las Filipinas, [ˈɡwaɾðja siˈβil en las filiˈpinas]) was the branch of the Spanish Civil Guard organized under the Captaincy General of the Philippines and a component of the Spanish Army. It was disbanded after the Spanish–American War.
Luis Rodríguez-Varela, a writer in the Philippines of European descent, sometimes known as "El Conde Filipino", began releasing books espousing a liberal view in 1799. These views were inspired by the French Revolution, and Varela later became a supporter of the 1812 constitution. He sought its full implementation of the constitution in the ...
The Civil Guard (Spanish: Guardia Civil; [ˈɡwaɾðja θiˈβil]) is one of the two national law enforcement agencies of Spain.As a national gendarmerie, it is military in nature and is responsible for civil policing under the authority of both the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defence.