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Dysautonomia, autonomic failure, or autonomic dysfunction is a condition in which the autonomic nervous system (ANS) does not work properly. This condition may affect the functioning of the heart , bladder , intestines , sweat glands , pupils , and blood vessels.
If, on the other hand, the patient has autonomic overactivity with muscle stiffness and spontaneous muscle twitching, an autoimmune neuromyotonia or Morvan syndrome diagnosis may be considered. [1] Chronic and progressive onset of autonomic symptoms may indicate diabetes, amyloidosis, or Sjogren's syndrome.
Treatment for autonomic dysfunction varies greatly, depending on the severity and type of dysfunction. Many patients with ROHHAD experience strabismus, which is a weakness in the eye muscles causing a "cross-eyed" effect. This can be treated with glasses, eye muscle exercises, or even surgery. [22]
Pure autonomic failure (PAF) is an uncommon, sporadic neurodegenerative condition marked by a steadily declining autonomic regulation. [3] Bradbury and Eggleston originally described pure autonomic failure in 1925. [4] Patients usually present with orthostatic hypotension or syncope in midlife or later.
Autonomic dysfunction may be present and can manifest as hypotension (either orthostatic or frank hypotension), sexual dysfunction, and/or bowel and bladder dysfunction [4] [5] Areflexia, flaccid internal and external anal sphincter, urinary retention and intestinal obstruction may also be present in individuals with anterior cord syndrome. [1]
Autonomic neuropathy (AN or AAN) is a form of polyneuropathy that affects the non-voluntary, non-sensory nervous system (i.e., the autonomic nervous system), affecting mostly the internal organs such as the bladder muscles, the cardiovascular system, the digestive tract, and the genital organs. These nerves are not under a person's conscious ...
Sudomotor dysfunction is one of the most common and earliest neurophysiological manifestations of small fiber neuropathies. [3] In some instances, the small fibers of the autonomic nervous system can be affected, leading to urinary or bowel problems, episodes of rapid heartbeat (palpitations), dry eyes or mouth, or abnormal sweating.
In primary dysautonomias, the autonomic dysfunction occurs as a primary condition (as opposed to resulting from another disease). [1] Autonomic failure is categorized as "primary" when believed to result from a chronic condition characterized by degeneration of the autonomic nervous system, or where autonomic failure is the predominant symptom ...