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A cyclic group is a group which is equal to one of its cyclic subgroups: G = g for some element g, called a generator of G. For a finite cyclic group G of order n we have G = {e, g, g 2, ... , g n−1}, where e is the identity element and g i = g j whenever i ≡ j (mod n); in particular g n = g 0 = e, and g −1 = g n−1.
Overview, including some physiological parameters, of the human circadian rhythm ("biological clock").. Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines timing processes, including periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms, such as their adaptation to solar- and lunar-related rhythms. [1]
The lattice of subgroups of the infinite cyclic group can be described in the same way, as the dual of the divisibility lattice of all positive integers. If the infinite cyclic group is represented as the additive group on the integers, then the subgroup generated by d is a subgroup of the subgroup generated by e if and only if e is a divisor ...
A group that is generated by a single element is called cyclic. Every infinite cyclic group is isomorphic to the additive group of the integers Z. A locally cyclic group is a group in which every finitely generated subgroup is cyclic. The free group on a finite set is finitely generated by the elements of that set .
In group theory, especially, in geometric group theory, the class of free-by-cyclic groups have been deeply studied as important examples. A group G {\displaystyle G} is said to be free-by-cyclic if it has a free normal subgroup F {\displaystyle F} such that the quotient group G / F {\displaystyle G/F} is cyclic .
Also, members of older groups tended to perceive their groups to have more of the characteristics of Stage-3 and Stage-4 groups and to be more productive. Based on these results, Wheelan's position supports the traditional linear models of group development and casts doubt on the cyclic models and Gersick's punctuated equilibrium model.
The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases comprise a group of enzymes that degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization, duration, and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains.
There are two main groups of cyclins: G 1 /S cyclins – essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G 1 /S transition, Cyclin A / CDK2 – active in S phase. Cyclin D / CDK4, Cyclin D / CDK6, and Cyclin E / CDK2 – regulates transition from G 1 to S phase. G 2 /M cyclins – essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G2/M ...