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In finance, a floating charge is a security interest over a fund of changing assets of a company or other legal person.Unlike a fixed charge, which is created over ascertained and definite property, a floating charge is created over property of an ambulatory and shifting nature, such as receivables and stock.
Hoffmann J held that in reality, the charge on book debts was a floating charge, but had crystallised a week before, and so took priority over other debts. Following Re Manurewa Transport Ltd [2] crystallisation clauses were a necessary incident of parties’ freedom to contract and policy objections should be dealt with by Parliament.
In the vertical configuration molten silicon has sufficient surface tension to keep the charge from separating. The major advantages is crucibleless growth that prevents contamination of the silicon from the vessel itself and therefore an inherently high-purity alternative to boule crystals grown by the Czochralski method.
The method is named after Polish scientist Jan Czochralski, [1] who invented the method in 1915 while investigating the crystallization rates of metals. [2] He made this discovery by accident: instead of dipping his pen into his inkwell, he dipped it in molten tin, and drew a tin filament, which later proved to be a single crystal. [3]
Zone melting (or zone refining, or floating-zone method, or floating-zone technique) is a group of similar methods of purifying crystals, in which a narrow region of a crystal is melted, and this molten zone is moved along the crystal. The molten region melts impure solid at its forward edge and leaves a wake of purer material solidified behind ...
Laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) or laser floating zone (LFZ) is a crystal growth technique. A narrow region of a crystal is melted with a powerful CO2 or YAG laser. The laser and hence the floating zone, is moved along the crystal. The molten region melts impure solid at its forward edge and leaves a wake of purer material solidified behind it.
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For a given cation, Pauling defined [2] the electrostatic bond strength to each coordinated anion as =, where z is the cation charge and ν is the cation coordination number. A stable ionic structure is arranged to preserve local electroneutrality , so that the sum of the strengths of the electrostatic bonds to an anion equals the charge on ...