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On 23 February 1917, [a] Russia burst into a revolution and with it came the fall of the Tsardom and the establishment of a Provisional Government. [3] The defining factor in the fall of the Autocracy was the lack of support from the military: both soldier and sailor rebelled against their officers and joined the masses. [4]
The Bolsheviks found special value in the use of Chinese troops who were considered to be industrious and efficient. In addition, they were seldom able to understand Russian, which kept them insulated from outside influences. [21] The use of Chinese troops by the Bolsheviks was commented on by both White Russian and non-Russian observers. [13]
The Finnish Bolsheviks, few in number, but influential and active in the Finnish Red Guards supported Lenin's Russian federalism. The Finns got Petsamo, but the question of Aunus and Viena remained open. [6] Lenin aimed to halt a complete collapse of Russia after the revolutionary year 1917.
Towards the end of the 19th century, Riga, the future capital of Latvia, became one of the most industrialized cities in the Russian Empire.The Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party (LSDRP) was well organized and its leading elements were increasingly sympathetic to the Bolsheviks by the time of the 1905 Revolution.
In June 1919, the Bolsheviks began to refer to the Makhnovist territory as the "independent anarchist republic of Huliaipole", in calls for the Makhnovshchina's abolition. [11] According to Bolshevik sources, that month's Planned Fourth Regional Congress intended to assert the region's independence and establish the " Priazov - Donets Republic ...
Finally, on 2 January 1919, Antonov-Ovseenko made a decision on his own to start the march to Kharkiv, having learned that the last German units were withdrawing from the city and that the Bolshevik workers' units were getting ready to start an armed uprising. [17] On 3 January 1919, the 1st Ukrainian Soviet Division entered Kharkiv. [13]
Russian Theatrical Society or RTO (Russian: Русское театральное общество (РТО)) was a theatrical society, which was formed in the Russian Empire and worked during Bolshevik Russia and Soviet Union periods. It was a Trade Union of the stage workers until 1919, when was formed the Trade Union of Art Workers (RABIS).
From late 1919, Lenin, encouraged by the Red Army's civil war victories over the White Russian forces and their Western allies, began to envision the future of world revolution with greater optimism. The Bolsheviks proclaimed the need for the dictatorship of the proletariat and agitated for a worldwide