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The Volvo 850 is a compact executive car that was produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1991 [11] until 1996. [11] Designed by Jan Wilsgaard , the car was introduced in a saloon body style; an estate style was introduced in 1993.
A year later, with the introduction of the Volvo 850 in June 1991, the first five-cylinder variant in form of the B5254F [16] [27] [28] hit the market. It was equipped with V-VIS [29] (Volvo Variable Intake System) which was designed to improve engine response between 1500 and 4100 rpm.
1982–1996 D24T — 2.4 L (2,383 cc) inline six-cylinder SOHC, 80–90 kW (109–122 PS) — Volvo 740, Volvo 760, Volvo 780, Volvo 940, Volvo 960 1990s–2000 D5252T — 2.5 L (2,461 cc) Audi Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) inline five-cylinder SOHC, 103 kW (140 PS; 138 bhp) — Volvo 850 , Volvo S70 / Volvo V70 , early Volvo S80s
The first generation V70 was an improved development on the basis of the Volvo 850 estate. [23] Its overall design became more rounded doing away with the 850's square edges. Among the many changes were a completely revised front end, fully painted bumpers and side trim and clear indicator lenses all around.
The Autumn of 1990 marked the launch of the Volvo 960 in time for the 1991 model year. This was the replacement for the 760. The 1991 960 was an evolutionary progression of the 1990 760, but it was also one of the first cars to feature the work of British designer Peter Horbury. Volvo 960 estate - rear (US) Volvo 960 estate - front (UK)
The 1995 Volvo 850 T5-R was the first Volvo branded with the R marque. For 1995, the special limited edition 850 T-5R was offered, and was a commercial success, leading Volvo to produce a second run in 1996. Originally, it was to be called 850 Plus 5.
The Volvo Modular engine was introduced in the 1991 Volvo 850 sedan and was used in various Volvo models, along with the Ford Focus ST and Ford Focus RS models. All of the straight-five petrol engines used by Volvo and Ford were built at the Volvo Skövde engine plant in Skövde, Sweden, until their discontinuation in 2016.
Aside from the increased bore size, the engine is identical to the B21. Volvo used a slightly different mold for the turbo engines to cast a boss for the turbo oil return line. Because a turbocharged engine has a higher operating temperature they used sodium filled exhaust valves and a thermostat controlled oil cooler (air/oil model).