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The attitude indicator (AI), also known as the gyro horizon or artificial horizon, is a flight instrument that informs the pilot of the aircraft orientation relative to Earth's horizon, and gives an immediate indication of the smallest orientation change. The miniature aircraft and horizon bar mimic the relationship of the aircraft relative to ...
The concept of attitude is not specific to fixed-wing aircraft, but also extends to rotary aircraft such as helicopters, and dirigibles, where the flight dynamics involved in establishing and controlling attitude are entirely different. Control systems adjust the orientation of a vehicle about its cg. A control system includes control surfaces ...
Command bars in yellow are aligned with the aircraft symbol in orange, indicating straight and level flight. Command bars in yellow and the aircraft symbol in orange, indicating a level bank angle and pitch up input is required. Some aircraft use crossed bars, leading the pilot to the desired attitude and flight path.
Flight control surfaces – Surface that allows a pilot to adjust and control an aircraft's flight attitude; Flight dynamics (fixed-wing aircraft) – Science of air vehicle orientation and control in three dimensions; Moving frame – Generalization of an ordered basis of a vector space
The cockpit of a Slingsby T-67 Firefly two-seat light airplane.The flight instruments are visible on the left of the instrument panel. Flight instruments are the instruments in the cockpit of an aircraft that provide the pilot with data about the flight situation of that aircraft, such as altitude, airspeed, vertical speed, heading and much more other crucial information in flight.
An attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) consists of sensors on three axes that provide attitude information for aircraft, including roll, pitch, and yaw.These are sometimes referred to as MARG (Magnetic, Angular Rate, and Gravity) [1] sensors and consist of either solid-state or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscopes, accelerometers and magnetometers.
Aircraft operations manual AOM 2: Airport/aerodrome operating minima AOP Airport operating plan AP Autopilot: A/P Airplane (US), Aeroplane (ICAO) APARS Automatic pressure altitude reporting system APC Auto pilot computer APIRS Attitude and positioning inertial reference system APOA Airport of arrival APOD Airport of departure APM
Fly the aircraft so that the fuselage is perpendicular to the ground (along the wings' zero lift axis). The attitude of the aircraft is judged, not the flightpath, therefore the aircraft may drift downwind during a vertical maneuver. 45° up line Fly the vertical attitude plus or minus 45°.