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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a vascular disorder that causes abnormal narrowing of arteries other than those that supply the heart or brain. [ 5 ] [ 15 ] PAD can happen in any blood vessel, but it is more common in the legs than the arms.
Peripheral artery disease is typically diagnosed if the systolic blood pressure in the ankle divided by the systolic blood pressure in the arm is less than 0.9. In general, claudication is often seen in people with an ABI between 0.4 and 0.9, rest pain is seen between 0.2 and 0.4, and tissue loss, ulcers, and gangrene between 0 to 0.4.
Critical limb ischemia is diagnosed by the presence of ischemic rest pain, and an ulcers that will not heal or gangrene due to insufficient blood flow. [3] Insufficient blood flow may be confirmed by ankle-brachial index (ABI), ankle pressure, toe-brachial index (TBI), toe systolic pressure, transcutaneous oxygen measurement (TcpO2 ), or skin perfusion pressure (SPP).
You might notice pain in your chest, neck, jaw, back, or shoulders — the pain might increase when you exercise or get stressed. Chest pain can be a sign of heart disease due to high LDL ...
Atherectomy is a minimally invasive technique for removing atherosclerosis from blood vessels within the body. It is an alternative to angioplasty for the treatment of peripheral artery disease, but the studies that exist are not adequate to determine whether it is superior to angioplasty. [1]
A 71-year-old diabetic male smoker with severe peripheral arterial disease presented with a dorsal foot ulceration (2.5 cm X 2.4cm) that had been chronically open for nearly 2 years. Arterial insufficiency ulcers (also known as ischemic ulcers , or ischemic wounds ) are mostly located on the lateral surface of the ankle or the distal digits. [ 1 ]
Subclavian steal syndrome (SSS), also called subclavian steal steno-occlusive disease, is a medical condition characterized by retrograde (reversed) blood flow in the vertebral artery or the internal thoracic artery. This reversal occurs due to proximal stenosis (narrowing) or occlusion of the subclavian artery.
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