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  2. Hydrogen maser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_maser

    Diagram of a hydrogen maser A hydrogen maser , also known as hydrogen frequency standard , is a specific type of maser that uses the intrinsic properties of the hydrogen atom to serve as a precision frequency reference.

  3. Maser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maser

    A hydrogen maser. The hydrogen maser is used as an atomic frequency standard. Together with other kinds of atomic clocks, these help make up the International Atomic Time standard ("Temps Atomique International" or "TAI" in French). This is the international time scale coordinated by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.

  4. Gravity Probe A - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_Probe_A

    A hydrogen maser produces a very accurate signal (1.42 billion cycles per second), which is highly stable—to one part in a quadrillion (10 15). This is equivalent to a clock that drifts by less than two seconds every 100 million years. [5] A microwave signal derived from the maser frequency was transmitted to the ground throughout the mission.

  5. Atomic clock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_clock

    Atomic clocks based on hydrogen standards are therefore regarded as secondary representations of the second. Hydrogen masers have superior short-term stability compared to other standards, but lower long-term accuracy. The long-term stability of hydrogen maser standards decreases because of changes in the cavity's properties over time.

  6. File:Hmaser.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hmaser.svg

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.: You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work

  7. Master clock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_clock

    The black units in the foreground are Sigma-Tau MHM-2010 hydrogen maser standards. A master clock is a precision clock that provides timing signals to synchronise slave clocks as part of a clock network. Networks of electric clocks connected by wires to a precision master pendulum clock began to be used in institutions like factories, offices ...

  8. Cite this article as - images.huffingtonpost.com

    images.huffingtonpost.com/2012-11-03-Mohaietal...

    By Paul Mohai, Byoung-Suk Kweon, Sangyun Lee, and Kerry Ard Air Pollution Around Schools Is Linked To Poorer Student Health And Academic Performance

  9. Stern–Gerlach experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern–Gerlach_experiment

    This led to developing an extremely stable clock based on a hydrogen maser. From 1967 until 2019, the second was defined based on 9,192,631,770 Hz hyperfine transition of a cesium-133 atom; the atomic clock which is used to set this standard is an application of Ramsey's work.