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Counterspeech is a tactic of countering hate speech or misinformation by presenting an alternative narrative rather than with censorship of the offending speech. It also means responding to hate speech with empathy and challenging the hate narratives, rather than responding with more hate speech directed in the opposite direction.
The definitions also demonstrate counterpropaganda, like propaganda, is generally described as a targeted form of communication intending to influence a specific audience. Counterpropaganda merely intends to influence a counter action or thought to a previously broadcast propaganda message or messages.
A coup d'état (/ ˌ k uː d eɪ ˈ t ɑː / ⓘ; French: [ku deta] ⓘ; lit. ' stroke of state '), [1] or simply a coup, is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership.
Counterscarp of a Napoleon era polygonal fort (Fort Napoleon, Ostend).Counterscarps had become vertical by this time. The housing at the bottom of the ditch is a caponier from where the defenders could fire on attackers that managed to climb down into the ditch, while being protected from cannon fire themselves.
Counter-hegemony is an attempt to critique or dismantle hegemonic power. [1] In other words, it is a confrontation or opposition to existing status quo and its ...
The line of reasoning is that if an aggressor strikes first with nuclear weapons against an opponent's countervalue targets, such an attack, by definition, does not degrade its opponent's military capacity to retaliate. The opposing view counters that countervalue targeting is neither moral nor credible because, if an aggressor strikes first ...
Counterinsurgency (COIN, or NATO spelling counter-insurgency [1]) is "the totality of actions aimed at defeating irregular forces". [2] The Oxford English Dictionary defines counterinsurgency as any "military or political action taken against the activities of guerrillas or revolutionaries" [3] and can be considered war by a state against a non-state adversary. [4]
Fortification, a passive countermeasure. A countermeasure is a measure or action taken to counter or offset another one. As a general concept, it implies precision and is any technological or tactical solution or system designed to prevent an undesirable outcome in the process.