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The original form of academic tenure was removed in the United Kingdom in 1988 through the Education Reform Act. [7] [8] In its place, there is the distinction between permanent and temporary contracts for academics. A permanent lecturer in UK universities usually holds an open-ended position that covers teaching, research and administrative ...
Under the tenure systems adopted by many universities and colleges in the United States and Canada, some faculty positions have tenure and some do not. Typical systems (such as the widely adopted "1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure" of the American Association of University Professors [5]) allow only a limited period to establish a record of published research, ability ...
Traditionally, Assistant Professor has been the usual entry-level rank for faculty on the "tenure track", although this depends on the institution and the field.Then, promotion to the rank of Associate Professor and later Professor (informally, "Full Professor") indicates that significant work has been done in research, teaching and institutional service.
Singapore universities adopt a hybrid of US and British academic ranks. Faculty members on the tenure track are appointed for sustained excellence in both teaching and research. Assistant professors are appointed on term contracts, while associate professors and professors may be appointed either with tenure or on term contract.
Some academic societies and professional institutions also award or designate certain post holders or members as 'professor'; these are usually personal awards. The College of Teachers , formerly the College of Preceptors, is a long-standing example of this, as are the amalgamated bodies included in the Society of Teachers in Business Education.
In most UK, New Zealand, Australian, Swiss and Israeli universities, there are ranks equivalent to senior lecturer (Oberassistent or Akademischer Oberrat in German, Chargé de cours in French, or מרצה בכיר in Hebrew), all being roughly comparable to the level of "associate professor" in North American universities, and "lecturer" is roughly equivalent to the North American "assistant ...
As different US academic institutions use the term lecturer in various ways, there is sometimes confusion. On a generic level, the term broadly denotes college-level faculty who are not eligible for tenure and have no research obligations. At non-research colleges, the latter distinction is less meaningful, making the absence of tenure the main ...
In British and Australian/New Zealand English, "faculty" usually refers to a sub-division of a university (usually a group of departments). In contrast, in North America "faculty" refers to the people who teach and research, and is distinguished from "staff", who are hired in administrative, operations, and support roles.