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In jazz theory, an avoid note is a scale degree which is considered especially dissonant relative to the harmony implied by the root chord, and is thus better avoided. In major-key tonality the avoid note is the fourth diatonic scale step , or 11th, which is a minor ninth above the 3rd of the chord, and thus very harsh. [ 1 ]
An avoid note is a note in a jazz scale that is considered, in jazz theory and practice, too dissonant to be emphasised against the underlying chord, and so is either avoided, used as a passing tone or chromatically altered. [3]
The chord-scale system may be compared with other common methods of improvisation, first, the older traditional chord tone/chord arpeggio method, and where one scale on one root note is used throughout all chords in a progression (for example the blues scale on A for all chords of the blues progression: A 7 E 7 D 7).
(Note: the root C is omitted here, and is often done so by jazz pianists for ease of playing, or because a bass player is present.) Example 2 : The following example illustrates the notes of an F ♯ minor triad functioning as part of a C 13 ♭ 9 ♯ 11 chord (C major chord with a minor 7th, minor 9th, augmented 11th, and major 13th):
An altered note is a note which is a deviation from the canonical chord tone. [citation needed] There is variety in the chord symbols used in jazz notation. A jazz musician must have facility in the alternate notation styles which are used. The following chord symbol examples use C as a root tone for example purposes.
As such, a jazz guitarist or jazz piano player might "voice" a printed G 7 chord with the notes B–E–F–A, which would be the third, sixth (thirteenth), flat seventh, and ninth of the chord. Jazz chord-playing musicians may also add altered chord tones (e.g., ♯ 11) and added tones .
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The term side-slipping or side-stepping has been used to describe several similar yet distinct methods of playing outside. In one version, one plays only the five "'wrong'" non-scale notes for the given chord and none of the seven scale or three to four chord tones, given that there are twelve notes in the equal tempered scale and heptatonic scales are generally used. [3]