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The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is an anatomical location in the human body, [1] which has an important role in urinary and anal continence, sexual function and support of the pelvic organs. [2] The pelvic floor includes muscles, both skeletal and smooth, ligaments and fascia.
The part of the pelvic fascia on the pelvic floor covers both surfaces of the levatores ani muscle. The layer covering the upper surface of the pelvic diaphragm follows, above, the line of origin of the Levator ani and is therefore somewhat variable. In front it is attached to the back of the pubic symphysis about 2 cm above its lower border.
The internal surface of the ilium showing where the muscles supporting the vagina insert and terminate. The vagina is attached to the pelvic walls by endopelvic fascia. The peritoneum is the external layer of skin that covers the fascia. This tissue provides additional support to the pelvic floor.
The coccygeus muscle completes the pelvic floor, which is also called the pelvic diaphragm. It supports the viscera in the pelvic cavity, and surrounds the various structures that pass through it. The levator ani is the main pelvic floor muscle and contracts rhythmically during female orgasm, and painfully during vaginismus. [4]
Older texts have asserted the existence of a urogenital diaphragm, also called the triangular ligament, which was described as a layer of the pelvis that separates the deep perineal sac from the upper pelvis, lying between the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane) and superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.
The coccygeus muscle is posterior to levator ani and anterior to the sacrospinous ligament in the pelvic floor.It is a triangular plane of muscular and tendinous fibers. It arises by its apex from the spine of the ischium and sacrospinous ligament.
The perineal membrane has two distinct portions that span the opening of the anterior pelvic outlet. [2]The ventral (anterior) portion is associated with the compressor urethra and urethrovaginal sphincter muscles (previously called deep transverse perineal muscles), and is continuous with the insertion of the arcus tendineus fascia pelvis. [3]
The pubovaginal muscle is a pelvic floor muscle that attaches to the muscles of lateral walls of the midsection of the vagina and the pubis. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6 ...
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