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Continuous HIV replication results in a state of generalized immune activation persisting throughout the chronic phase. [6] Immune activation, which is reflected by the increased activation state of immune cells and release of proinflammatory cytokines , results from the activity of several HIV gene products and the immune response to ongoing ...
The Journal of the International AIDS Society (JIAS) is an official open-access, peer-reviewed, medical journal of the International AIDS Society. Founded in 2004 by Mark Wainberg, the journal covers all aspects of research on HIV and AIDS. Since October 2017, JIAS is published by John Wiley & Sons.
AIDS is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. It was established in 1987 and is an official journal of the International AIDS Society. [1] It covers all aspects of HIV and AIDS, including basic science, clinical trials, epidemiology, and social science. The editor in chief is Jay A. Levy ...
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a condition seen in some cases of HIV/AIDS or immunosuppression, in which the immune system begins to recover, but then responds to a previously acquired opportunistic infection with an overwhelming inflammatory response that paradoxically makes the symptoms of infection worse.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus that has two major species, HIV-1 which causes the majority of the epidemic, and HIV-2, a close relative whose distribution is concentrated in western Africa. [6] HIV infection was first described in 1981 in San Francisco and New York City. [7]
The genome and proteins of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) have been the subject of extensive research since the discovery of the virus in 1983. [1] [2] "In the search for the causative agent, it was initially believed that the virus was a form of the Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), which was known at the time to affect the human immune system and cause certain leukemias.
WHO Disease Staging System for HIV Infection and Disease was first produced in 1990 by the World Health Organization [1] and updated in 2007. [2] It is an approach for use in resource limited settings and is widely used in Africa and Asia and has been a useful research tool in studies of progression to symptomatic HIV disease .
In 2023, 630,000 people died from HIV-related causes, an estimated 1.3 million people acquired HIV and about 39.9 million people worldwide living with HIV, 65% of whom are in the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region. [5] [7] HIV/AIDS is considered a pandemic—a disease outbreak which is present over a large area and is actively ...