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In the science of measurement, the least count of a measuring instrument is the smallest value in the measured quantity that can be resolved on the instrument's scale. [1] The least count is related to the precision of an instrument; an instrument that can measure smaller changes in a value relative to another instrument, has a smaller "least ...
IEC 61850 is an international standard defining communication protocols for intelligent electronic devices at electrical substations.It is a part of the International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) Technical Committee 57 reference architecture for electric power systems. [1]
CIM models the network itself using the 'wires model'. It describes the basic components used to transport electricity. Measurements of power are modeled by another class. These measurements support the management of power flow at the transmission level, and by extension, the modeling of power through a revenue meter on the distribution network.
An electricity meter, electric meter, electrical meter, energy meter, or kilowatt-hour meter is a device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residence, a business, or an electrically powered device over a time interval. Electric utilities use electric meters installed at customers' premises for billing and monitoring purposes.
The basic mathematical model for a communication system is the following: Communication with feedback. Here is the formal definition of each element (where the only difference with respect to the nonfeedback capacity is the encoder definition): is the message to be transmitted, taken in an alphabet;
The GCP provides a common framework for communication between meters and data collection systems, ensuring interoperability across different manufacturers and devices. It defines a set of basic objects, services, and communication methods for exchanging metering data, including energy consumption, demand measurements, and meter status. [2]
M-Bus or Meter-Bus is a European standard (EN 13757-2 physical and link layer, EN 13757-3 application layer) for the remote reading of water, gas or electricity meters. M-Bus is also usable for other types of consumption meters, such as heating systems or water meters. The M-Bus interface is made for communication on two wires, making it cost ...
An optical communication system is any form of communications system that uses light as the transmission medium. Equipment consists of a transmitter, which encodes a message into an optical signal, a communication channel, which carries the signal to its destination, and a receiver, which reproduces the message from the received optical signal.